What is Leptospirosis ?

[Extracted from the web page of www.medicinenet.com]

Leptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by a type of bacteria called a spirochete. Leptospirosis can be transmitted by many animals such as rats, skunks, opossums, raccoons, foxes, and other vermin. It is transmitted though contact with infected soil or water. The soil or water is contaminated with the waste products of an infected animal. People contract the disease by either ingesting contaminated food or water or by broken skin and mucous membrane (eyes, nose, sinuses, mouth) contact with the contaminated water or soil.

Leptospirosis occurs worldwide, but it is most commonly acquired in the tropics. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states 100-200 cases of leptospirosis are reported each year in the United States, with about 50% of cases occurring in Hawaii. Although the incidence in the United States is relatively low, leptospirosis is considered the most widespread disease that is transmitted by animals in the world.

A 2010 outbreak in Michigan caused serious illness in numerous pets, raising concern for the local human population. In 2009, typhoons hit the Philippines, causing a leptospirosis outbreak. The Philippines Department of Health then reported 1,887 cases of leptospirosis, which resulted in 138 deaths.

What are leptospirosis symptoms and signs ?
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Leptospirosis symptoms begin from two to 25 days after initial direct exposure to the urine or tissue of an infected animal. This can even occur via contaminated soil or water. Veterinarians, pet shop owners, sewage workers, and farm employees are at particularly high risk. People participating in outdoor sporting activities like canoeing, rafting, hiking, and camping can also come into contact with contaminated water or soil.
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The illness typically progresses through two phases :

• The first phase of nonspecific flu-like symptoms includes headaches, muscle aches, eye pain with bright lights, followed by chills and fever. Watering and redness of the eyes occurs and symptoms seem to improve by the fifth to ninth day.
  
• The second phase begins after a few days of feeling well. The initial symptoms recur with fever and aching with stiffness of the neck. Some patients develop serious inflammation of the nerves to the eyes, brain, spinal column (meningitis), or other nerves. Right upper area abdominal pain may occur. Less common symptoms relate to disease of the liver, lungs, kidneys, and heart.

Leptospirosis associated with liver and kidney disease is called Weil's syndrome and is characterized by yellowing of the eyes (jaundice). Patients with Weil's syndrome can also develop kidney disease and have more serious involvement of the organs affected.

How is leptospirosis diagnosed ?

The diagnosis of leptospirosis is made by culture of the bacterial organism Leptospira from infected blood, spinal fluid, or urine. However, many doctors must rely upon rising Leptospira antibody levels in the blood in order to make the diagnosis, as the technique required to perform the culturing is delicate and difficult.

How is the treatment for leptospirosis ? What is the prognosis for leptospirosis ?
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The treatment of leptospirosis involves high doses of antibiotics. Antibiotic treatment (doxycycline [Vibramycin, Oracea, Adoxa, Atridox], penicillin) is most effective when initiated early in the course of the illness. Severely ill patients may need hospitalization for IV fluid and antibiotic treatment. Severe liver and kidney manifestations of the infection may require intensive medical care and sometimes dialysis treatment. However, even in severe cases, liver and kidney function often does return after recovery from the illness.
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Mortality rates for severe illness with leptospirosis can range from 5%-40%, depending on the severity of organ dysfunction and the patient's general health prior to infection. Most previously healthy patients have a good prognosis and will make a full recovery.

Can leptospirosis be prevented with a vaccine ?
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A vaccine for leptospirosis is available and used in some countries in Europe and Asia. It must be given every year like a flu shot. A longer-acting vaccine is being investigated in Cuba. It is not currently available in the United States.

Travelers who are going to an area where leptospirosis is common and who will be engaged in activities that increase likelihood of exposure can take 200 mg of doxycycline per week by mouth starting before and during the time period of potential exposure. According to the Leptospirosis Information Center, there are no drug-resistant strains of the bacteria at this time.

Leptospirosis was a reportable disease in the United States, but it was removed from the national CDC list of reportable diseases. It is, however, still reportable in some states, most notably Hawaii.

Can my pets get Leptospirosis ?
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According to information from the CDC, your pets (especially dogs, less commonly cats) can contract leptospirosis. Your pet can contract it in the same ways you can (ingesting contaminated soil, water, or through skin wounds). Your pet may exhibit vomiting, refusal to eat, weight loss, decreased activity, muscle pains, or stiffness.

If you suspect your pet is ill, take them to a veterinarian for testing and treatment. Early antibiotic treatment often can limit or prevent organ damage.

If your pet is diagnosed with leptospirosis, you must be careful to try to prevent exposure to yourself or other household members. Remember to wash your hands frequently with soap and water after cleaning up waste from your pet. If possible, use latex or rubber gloves to do the job of cleanup. Use a diluted (1:10 parts) bleach solution to clean surfaces where pet wastes may have contaminated. And make sure your pet receives the full course of antibiotic treatment that is prescribed by your vet. Discuss other pet-care issues directly with your vet should you have any other questions regarding the disease.

Leptospirosis At A Glance

• Leptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by a bacterium.
• Leptospirosis is transmitted to humans by direct exposure to urine or tissue of an infected animal.
• Leptospirosis typically progresses through two phases of nonspecific symptoms.
• Leptospirosis can be diagnosed by culture of infected blood, urine, or spinal fluid, as well as using antibody testing.
• Your pets may also be at risk for contracting leptospirosis.
• Leptospirosis is treated with antibiotics and is rarely fatal.

Leptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria. The illness progresses in two phases. Symptoms in the first phase include headache, muscle aches, eye pain with bright lights, chills, and fever. Symptoms in the second phase begin after a few days of feeling well and include fever, aches, and a stiff neck. Some people develop meningitis and abdominal pain.

What do you know about Calcium ?

[Extracted from the web page of www.vitamins-nutrition.org]

Overview

Calcium is found in several forms including calcium citrate and calcium gluconate. It is the most abundant mineral in the human body. While an average man contains about 1-1/2 kg of calcium, an average woman has about 1 kg, where 99 percent of that is in bones and teeth. The remaining 1 percent is located in the blood, lymph and other body fluids, cell membranes and structures inside cells.

Calcium participates in the metabolic functions necessary for normal activity of nervous, muscular, skeletal systems and plays an important role in normal heart function, kidney function, blood clotting, and blood-vessel integrity. Additionally, it helps to utilize vitamin B-12. It is available in both natural and synthetic sources, and some forms are only available by prescription.

How This Mineral Works in Your Body ?

• Helps fight osteoporosis
• Treats calcium depletion in people with hypoparathyroidism, osteomalacia, rickets
• Used medically to treat tetany (severe muscle spasms) caused by sensitivity reactions, cardiac arrest, lead poisoning
• Used medically as an cure to magnesium poisoning
• Prevents muscle or leg cramps in some people
• Promotes normal growth and development
• Builds bones and teeth
• Maintains bone density and strength
• Buffers acid in stomach and acts as antacid
• Helps regulate heartbeat, blood clotting, muscle contraction
• Treats neonatal hypoglycemia
• Promotes storage and release of some body hormones
• Lowers phosphate concentrations in people with chronic kidney disease
• Helps reduce blood pressure in certain people
• May aid reduce possibility of kidney stones
• May ease leg cramps
• Potential treaent for toxemia in pregnant women
• May reduce the threat of colon cancer
• Anyone with inadequate caloric or dietary intake or increased nutritional requirements or those who do not like or consume milk products
• People allergic to milk and dairy products
• People with untreated lactase deficiency who avoid milk and dairy products
• People over 55 years old, especially women
• Women throughout adult life, especially during pregnancy and lactation, but not limited to these times
• Those who abuse alcohol or other substances
• People with a chronic wasting illness �
• Those under additional stress for extended periods of time
• Anyone who has recently undergone surgery
• People with bone fractures
• Adolescents with low dietary calcium consumption

Where This Mineral is Found ?

• Almonds
• Kelp
• Kale
• Brazil nuts
• Milk
• Broccoli
• Pudding
• Calcium-fortified Salmon, canned
• Canned fish with bones
• Cereal, rice, juice
• Sardines, canned
• Caviar
• Tofu
• Cheese
• Turnip greens
• Mustard greens
• Cottage cheese
• Yogurt
• Figs, dried
• Honeydew melon
• Cauliflower
• Walnuts
• Peanuts
• Baked beans, canned
• Milk Chocolate
• Soybeans
• Crab meat, canned

How to Use ?
Take tables whole with a full glass of water or other liquid. Do not chew or crush the tablet. Take with meals or 1 to 1-1/2 hours after meals unless otherwise advised by your physician.
Chew chewable tablets well before swallowing.

Calcium is also available as carbonate, citrate, gluconate, and it has varying levels of bioavailability.

Daily recommended intakes

Men 1000 mg
(14-18) 1300 mg
(over 55) 1200 mg

Women 1000 mg
(14-18) 1300 mg
(over 55) 1200 mg

Pregnancy 1000 mg
(14-18) 1300 mg

Lactation 1000 mg
(14-18) 1300 mg

Cautions

• Do not take if you have:
• Allergies to calcium or antacids
• High blood-calcium levels
• Sarcoidosis

Consult your doctor if you have

• Kidney disease
• Chronic constipation, colitis, diarrhea
• Stomach or intestinal bleeding
• Irregular heartbeat
• Heart problems or high blood pressure for which you are taking a calcium channel blocker

Over 55

• The likelihood of adverse reactions and side effects is greater
• Diarrhea or constipation are especially likely

Pregnancy

You may need extra calcium while pregnant. Speak with your physician about taking supplements. Do not take super doses.

Breastfeeding

The drug does pass into milk. Speak with your physician about taking supplements. DO not take super doses.

Storage

• Keep in a cool and dry location and away from direct light, but do not freeze.
• Keep safely away from children
• Do not keep in bathroom medicine cabinet. Heat and dampness may alter the action of the mineral.

Safe dosage

It is advised that you consult with your physician for the proper dose for your condition

Others

• Do not take calcium within 1 or 2 hours of meals or ingestion of other medications, if possible.
• It is not recommended that you take calcium carbonate derived from oyster shells.
• Dolomite and bone meal are probably not safe sources of calcium because they contain lead.

Symptoms of Deficiency

Osteoporosis (late symptoms) :

• Frequent fractures in spine and other bones
• Deformed spinal column with humps
• Loss of height
• Leads to nerve and bone disorders
• May lead to high blood pressure
• May cause pre-eclampsia of pregnancy
• May contribute to colon cancer

Osteomalacia :

• Frequent fractures
• Muscle contractions
• Convulsive seizures
• Muscle cramps

Overdose

Signs and symptoms : What to do :

Confusion, slow or irregular heartbeat, bone or muscle pain, nausea, vomiting -> Discontinue mineral use and consult your physician immediately

Heart damage :-> Discontinue mineral use and consult your physician immediately
(signs and symptoms of toxicity have not been viewed, even at doses of 2 to 3 grams/day).


Side Effects:
Signs and symptoms  : What to do

Early signs of too much calcium in blood:

Constipation : Increase fluid consumption. Discontinue use of mineral. Call your physician when
convenient.

Headache : Discontinue use of mineral. Call your physician when convenient.

Late signs of too much calcium in blood

Confusion : Discontinue use. Call your physician immediately.

Muscle or bone pain : Discontinue use. Call your physician immediately.

Nausea or vomiting : Discontinue use. Call your physician immediately.

Slow or irregular heartbeat : Seek emergency treaent.

What is Limau Purut, or Kaffir Lime ?

[Extracted from the web page of www.pahang-delights.com]

Limau purut, the Malay name for Kaffir Lime, or its scientific name Citrus hystrix of the Rutaceae family, is well known for its medicinal properties, not only by the Malays in the old days but also by modern scientific researchers.

In Pahang (3rd Largest State in Malaysia), besides its usage in adding flavor to traditional Malay dishes and cuisines, like the rendang, and tomyam, it is sometimes used as herbal medicine to treat normal skin disorders.

It is not actually used for treatment of chronic skin disorders like psoriasis or eczema, but only for ordinary skin irritations that normally require basic general medications.

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Limau purut contains tannin, triterpenouid and saponin.

It is used in herbal medicines and traditional treatments, as the fruit and especially its leaves, have those special properties to encourage the growth of skin.

The Malays of Pahang, in the old days, used limau purut juice to treat hair and promote healthy growth of hair follicles.

Nowadays to achieve this better, hair is first washed with ordinary shampoo, and then the hair and scalp are washed with the juice extracted from the fruit.

The juice is then left for a few minutes on the head to let it soak into the hair follicles, and then the head and hair is rinsed finally with plain water.

To alleviate colds, lack of energy and tiredness, the juice extracted from the fruit is mixed with plain water and drank three times a day. The juice actually tastes very sour and bitter, perhaps a lot more bitter than lemon juice. It is traditionally believed that it is good for blood circulation.

The leaves are also utilised as one of the ingredients in traditional Malay sauna bath or "mandi wap" because of its fragrance, while the essence of the fruit is now popularly used in modern aromatherapy.

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Why is Limau Purut used in Silat ?

Limau purut also plays an important part in the rituals of some forms of the Malay art of self-defence, silat.
It is normally used in the ritual of bathing after graduation where the limau purut fruit is cut and blended with plain water and then students are bathed as part of spiritual bathing by their Malay silat master.

The reason it is used in silat is that it is said to have some special qualities, like invigorating the senses during self-defence training.

Perhaps its fragrant and sharp odor contain elements that provide some peculiar and distinctive aromatherapic properties to the brain.

Besides the silat rituals, limau purut is also used in the cleaning of keris, the deadly Malay weapon, and other iron or metal-based utensils. Besides being a good cleanser of rusts, the juice is also a great anti-rust agent.
Cleaning the keris is done by swiping the keris with the half-cut fruit and ensuring its juices are spread on both sides of the keris. The keris is then finally cleaned and rinsed with plain water. Periodic cleaning of the keris will ensure its longevity by keeping rusts at bay.

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The Limau Purut Tree

The leaves of this fruit are oblong or egg-shaped, and seemed to be a combination and linking of two leaves, like wings.

The top side of the leaf is dark green and shiny, while the bottom side of the leaf is lighter or yellowish green in color.

The leaf will give a fresh lime (or lemon-like) fragrance when squashed with the fingers. And in traditional Malay dishes, the leaves are added to give the dish the unique taste of lime.

 The flower of this fruit is star-shaped, and reddish white or yellowish in color.

The fruit is smaller than an ordinary apple or orange, and round and pear-like in shape with uneven skin, having sort of big pimples or "mini-volcanoes" on the skin !

Ugly skin, not handsome or pretty at all, but, aww, it doesn't matter. It's what inside that counts, right ?

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Well, so much for now on the limau purut, the herbal plant with medicinal and health properties, and used by the Malays in Pahang for many purposes.

It is generally used, as mentioned above, in some recipes of traditional Malay food and dishes, as a cleaning agent for metal parts, as herbal remedies for hair and skin disorders, and many more.

Limau purut or kaffir lime is a very useful fruit indeed and used quite extensively especially in the rural areas of Pahang.

Do look out for it whenever you’re in Pahang (Malaysia).

What is Trismus ?

[Extracted from the web page of wisegeek.com]

Trismus, sometimes referred to as lock jaw, is a condition in which an individual suffers from an inability to open his or her mouth to its full extent. It can be caused by a large variety of underlying nerve, muscle or joint complications ranging from surgery or trauma to temporomandibular joint disorder. This condition can last as little as a week or might be of a longer duration, depending upon the cause. The inability to completely open the jaw can occur suddenly or might develop over time. If left untreated, it can lead to a number of other complications, such as a difficulty swallowing, a lack of nutrition and inadequate oral hygiene.
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Trismus often results from damage to the joints, muscles or nerves located in and around the jaw area. It can be caused by any number of other factors and is not a disease in itself, but the result of another underlying problem. Some common causes are pericoronitis, peritonsillar abscess, radiation to the neck or head area or a tumor located in the area of the jaw. The condition also might result from issues as common as a shot of local anesthesia during dental procedures or grinding and clenching of the teeth.

Although the primary indication of trismus is an inability to open the mouth, other symptoms can include difficulty in speech, headaches, pressure or pain around the jaw and trouble chewing or swallowing. Anyone experiencing these symptoms should contact a doctor or dentist to detect the primary problem. An evaluation of the patient’s medical history will be performed in an attempt to uncover the cause. In some instances, diagnostic tests might be needed to detect the underlying problem.

The duration of trismus is largely determined by the cause of the condition. For example, if the onset of the difficulty is because of clenching the teeth or other temporary stretching and contracting of the muscles in the jaw area, then the inability to open the mouth might last only a few days. Trismus that is the result of radiation therapy, infection or trauma might have longer-lasting effects.

The quality of life of individuals who are suffering from trismus can be greatly affected in a number of ways. The condition can lead to an inability to communicate effectively and might make it difficult for the sufferer to chew or swallow. Additionally, individuals might experience varying degrees of pain or discomfort. In severe cases, the inability to open one's mouth can greatly compromise an individual’s overall health by limiting oral hygiene, increasing the risk of aspiration and making it difficult to receive proper nutrition.

Types of food that can save our heart

Many thanks to a friend, for this contribution.

Fruits has always been human's best friend. They can contribute to endless amount of vitamins, enzymes, amino acids and many have even proven to prevent, and also cure deadly diseases, particularly Cancer .

===============================================

Fresh herbs

 

Fresh herbs make many other foods heart-healthy when they replace salt, fat, and cholesterol. These flavor powerhouses, along with nuts, berries ­ even coffee ­ form a global approach to heart-wise eating. Read on for 23 more delicious ways to fight heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes.

Fact : Rosemary, sage, oregano, and thyme contain antioxidants.


Black Beans

 

Mild, tender black beans are packed with heart-healthy nutrients including folate, antioxidants, magnesium for lowering blood pressure, and fiber ­ which helps control both cholesterol and blood sugar levels.

Tip : Canned black beans are quick additions to soups and salads. Rinse to remove extra sodium.


Red Wine and Resveratrol

 

If you drink alcohol, a little red wine may be a heart-healthy choice. Resveratrol and catechins, two antioxidants in red wine, may protect artery walls. Alcohol can also boost HDL, the good cholesterol.

Tip : Don't exceed one drink a day for women; one to two drinks for men – and talk to your doctor first. Alcohol may cause problems for people taking aspirin and other medications. Too much alcohol hurts the heart.

Salmon : Super Food

 

A top food for heart health, it's rich in the omega-3s EPA and DHA. Omega-3s lower risk of rhythm disorders, which can lead to sudden cardiac death. Salmon also lowers blood triglycerides and reduces inflammation. The American Heart Association recommends two servings of salmon or other oily fish a week.

Tip : Bake in foil with herbs and veggies. Toss extra cooked salmon in fish tacos and salads.

Tuna for Omega-3s

Tuna is a good source of heart-healthy omega-3s; it generally costs less than salmon. Albacore (white tuna) contains more omega-3s than other tuna varieties. Reel in these other sources of omega-3s, too: mackerel, herring, lake trout, sardines, and anchovies.

Tip : Grill tuna steak with dill and lemon; choose tuna packed in water, not oil.

Extra Virgin Olive Oil

 

This oil, made from the first press of olives, is especially rich in heart-healthy antioxidants called polyphenols, as well as healthy monounsaturated fats. When olive oil replaces saturated fat (like butter), it can help lower cholesterol levels. Polyphenols may protect blood vessels.

Tip : Use for salads, on cooked veggies, with bread. Look for cold-pressed and use within six months.

Walnuts

A small handful of walnuts (1.5 ounces) a day may lower your cholesterol and reduce inflammation in the arteries of the heart. Walnuts are packed with omega-3s, monounsaturated fats, and fiber. The benefits come when walnuts replace bad fats, like those in chips and cookies – and you don't increase your calorie count.

Tip : A handful has nearly 300 calories. Walnut oil has omega–3s, too; use in salad dressings.

Almonds

 

Slivered almonds go well with vegetables, fish, chicken, even desserts, and just a handful adds a good measure of heart health to your meals. They're chock full of vitamin E, plant sterols, fiber, and heart-healthy fats. Almonds may help lower LDL cholesterol and reduce the risk of diabetes.

Tip : Toast to enhance almonds' creamy, mild flavor.

Edamame
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These green soybeans are moving beyond Japanese restaurants, where they're a tasty appetizer. They're packed with soy protein, which can lower blood triglyceride levels. A half cup of edamame also has 9 grams of cholesterol-lowering fiber ­ equal to four slices of whole-wheat bread.

Tip : Try frozen edamame, boil, and serve warm in the pod.

Tofu
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Make soy protein the main attraction more often at dinnertime by cooking with tofu instead of red meat. You gain all the heart-healthy minerals, fiber, and polyunsaturated fats of soy ­ and you avoid a load of artery-clogging saturated fat.

Tip : Chop firm tofu, marinate, then grill or stir-fry, going easy on the oil. Add tofu to soups for protein with no added fat.

Sweet Potatoes
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Sweet potatoes are a hearty, healthy substitute for white potatoes for people concerned about diabetes. With a low glycemic index, these spuds won't cause a quick spike in blood sugar. Ample fiber, vitamin A, and lycopene add to their heart-healthy profile.

Tip : Enhance their natural sweetness with cinnamon and lime juice, instead of sugary toppings.

Oranges
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This sweet, juicy fruit contains the cholesterol-fighting fiber pectin ­ as well as potassium, which helps control blood pressure. A small study shows that OJ may improve blood vessel function and modestly lower blood pressure through the antioxidant hesperidin.

Tip : A medium orange averages 62 calories, with 3 grams of  fiber.

 Swiss Chard
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The dark green, leafy vegetable is rich in potassium and magnesium, minerals that help control blood pressure. Fiber, vitamin A, and the antioxidants, lutein and zeaxanthin, add to the heart-healthy profile.

Tip : Serve with grilled meats or as a bed for fish. Saute with olive oil and garlic until wilted, season with herbs and pepper.

Carrots

The latest research on carrots shows these sweet, crunchy veggies may help control blood sugar levels and reduce the risk of developing diabetes. They're also a top cholesterol-fighting food, thanks to ample amounts of soluble fiber ­ the kind found in oats.

Tip : Sneak shredded carrots into spaghetti sauce and muffin batter.

Barley

Try this nutty, whole grain in place of rice with dinner or simmer barley into soups and stews. The fiber in barley can help lower cholesterol levels and may lower blood glucose levels, too.

Tip : Hulled or "whole grain" barley is the most nutritious. Barley grits are toasted and ground; nice for cereal or as a side dish. Pearl barley is quick, but much of the heart-healthy fiber has been removed.

Oatmeal

  

Oats in all forms can help your heart by lowering LDL, the bad cholesterol. A warm bowl of oatmeal fills you up for hours, fights snack attacks, and helps keep blood sugar levels stable over time ­ making it useful for people with diabetes, too.

Tip : Swap oats for one-third of the flour in pancakes, muffins, and baked goods. Use oats instead of bread crumbs in cooking.

Flaxseed

This shiny, honey-colored seed has three elements that are good for your heart: fiber, phytochemicals called lignans, and ALA, an omega-3 fatty acid found in plants. The body converts ALA to the more powerful omega-3s, EPA and DHA.
Tip : Grind flaxseed for the best nutrition. Add it to cereal, baked goods, yogurt, even mustard on a sandwich.

Low-Fat Yogurt

While low-fat dairy is most often touted for bone health, these foods can help control high blood pressure, too. Milk is high in calcium and potassium and yogurt has twice as much of these important minerals. To really boost the calcium and minimize the fat, choose low-fat or non-fat varieties.

Tip : Use milk instead of water in instant oatmeal, hot chocolate, and dried soups.

Foods Fortified With Sterols

Want the heart-healthy power of vegetables in your milk or on toast ? Margarine, soy milk, or orange juice can deliver ­ when they're fortified with cholesterol-fighting sterols and stanols. These plant extracts block cholesterol absorption in the gut and can lower LDL levels by 10% without affecting good cholesterol.

Tip : Consume at least 2 grams of sterols a day.


Coffee

Coffee and tea may help protect your heart by warding off type 2 diabetes. Studies show that people who drink 3-4 cups a day may cut their risk by 25% ­ and even decaffeinated coffee works. Caution is due, however, for those who already have diabetes or hypertension; caffeine can complicate these conditions.
Tip : Choose black coffee or a non-fat latte to limit fat and calories.

Cayenne Chili Pepper

Shaking hot chili powder on food may help prevent a spike in insulin levels after meals. A small study in Australia showed that simply adding chili to a hamburger meal produced lower insulin levels in overweight volunteers.

Tip : Chili powder is a blend of five spices, while dried chili pepper comes from a single hot pepper. Both are good substitutes for salt in recipes.

Kosher Salt

This may be worth a try for people trying to control high blood pressure. It has half the sodium of table salt, thanks to its large crystals. You'll still need to measure carefully; a teaspoon of Kosher salt has 1,120 milligrams of sodium ­ not too far below the 1,500-milligram daily limit for people with hypertension.

Tip : Mix with your favorite herbs for a homemade, low-salt spice blend.

Cherries

Cherries are packed with anthocyanins, an antioxidant believed to help protect blood vessels. Cherries in any form provide these heart-healthy nutrients: the larger heart-shaped sweet cherries, the sour cherries used for baking, as well as dried cherries and cherry juice.

Tip: Sprinkle dried cherries into cereal, muffin batter, green salads and wild rice.

Blueberries

 

The list of healthy nutrients in blueberries is extensive: anthocyanins give them their deep blue color and support heart health. Blueberries also contain ellagic acid, beta-carotene, lutein, vitamin C, folate, magnesium, potassium, and fiber.

Tip : Add fresh or dried blueberries to cereal, pancakes, or yogurt. Puree a batch for a dessert sauce.

"A candle loses nothing, by lighting another candle"

Health benefits of Neem

[Extracted from the web page of  stason.org on articles involving The Miraculous Neem]

For thousands of years humans have sought to fortify their health and cure various ills with herbal remedies. The search for a true panacea or cure-all has been undertaken by virtually every civilization. While hundreds of substances have been tried and tested, few have withstood modern scientific scrutiny. Perhaps no other botanical better meets the true definition of a panacea than Neem, a tropical evergreen primarily native to India and a Ayurveda herbal product. The word Ayurveda comes from the Sanskrit words ayus "life" and veda "science". Literally translated, Ayurveda is the science of Life.In India the Neem tree is a cornerstone of Ayurveda one of the world's oldest medical system that has been used for nearly 5000 years. It is also called the "Village Pharmacy", and Neem was known as sarva roga nivarin or "healer of all ailments," this legendary medicinal tree has grown with the human settlement all over the country as part of Ayurvedic medicine and has been an integral part of the Indian way of life and is inextricably linked to the history of the Indian civilization.The mythology of Neem underlies the long history of Ayurveda's use of Neem against numerous diseases and conditions. Where the modern system of medicine emphasizes fighting pathogens inside the body, the ancient Indian system of Ayurvedic medicine prescribed particular healing herbs that also helped the body develop a strong resistance to disease-causing agents. Neem is considered a major element in preventing and healing diseases among Ayurvedic practitioners. Every part of this fascinating tree has been used, from ancient to modern times, to treat hundreds of different maladies. While it is still revered in India for its superior healing properties, recent investigation has dramatically increased worldwide interest in Neem and many products are now manufactured using this miraculous herb. More than any other Indian herb, Neem proved useful in helping the body resist diseases and restore the proper balance to the body's systems. The large number of conditions and treatments using Neem are the result of eons of work by Indian herbalists and healers. They have been supported by modern scientific studies which continue to provide evidence of the effectiveness of Neem in preventing and treating illness and disease.

What is so different about the Neem Tree ?

The Neem tree or margosa is a botanical cousin of mahagony and belongs to the family Maliaceae. It's botanical name is Azadirachta Indica which literally means "the free tree of India." Native to Indo-Burma region, Neem is distributed throughout South and Southeast Asia, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia. In addition Neem is found in several other countries spread over continents and has become now a global tree. It was introduced to Africa earlier this century brought from India. Now is planted extensively in the tropical regions of Africa, particularly in the regions along the Sahara's southern fringe.
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Indentured labourers from India carried Neem with them as part of the Indian heritage to many countries to which they migrated such as Fiji, Mauritius and the Caribbean. The tree is now also well established in the Middle East and South America. Recently Neem has been introduced into Saudi Arabia, Yemen, China (Hainan Island) and Philippines. Small plantings of Neem are also found in USA (South Florida and Hawaii), Brazil and Australia. This presence is, however, scattered and exploratory.

Basic Scientific Facts

Neem is an attractive broad-leaved evergreen, fast growing tree with can grow up to 30m tall and 2 ½ m girth. Its trunk straight is 30-80cm in diameter. It spreading branches form a rounded crown of deep-green leaves and honey-scented flowers as much as 20m across. Neem grows on almost all type of soils, but does particularly well on black cotton soils and deep well-drained soil with good sub-soil water. It even thrives well on dry, infertile soils. It performs better than most other multipurpose tree species where soils are sterile, stony and shallow. The tree also grows well on some acid soils. In fact, the fallen Neem leaves, which are slightly alkaline, change the acidic soils into neutral. Neem performs better than many fast growing species in the arid regions. It tolerates high temperatures and low rainfall. It remains in leaf throughout the year except during extreme drought, when it may shed its leaves for a short time. This versatility is valuable for poorly endowed regions.
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It thrives well in extremely hot conditions, even when maximum shade temperature is as high as 50 degrees centigrade. It tolerates up to 0 degree centigrade, however, it will not withstand freezing temperatures or extended sold spells. It performs well in areas where annual rainfall is in the range of 400 mm to 1200 mm. It grows successfully even in areas where the annual rainfall is as low as 250 mm. It, however, cannot withstand poorly drained soils. Neem does best where drainage is good and subsoil water is fairly high. It quickly dies if the site becomes waterlogged. Excessive moisture has negative effect on its growth. Interestingly, Neem does well at elevations from sea level to 1000 m. This then is a tree for almost all the regions of India, particularly for areas which are not too hospitable for most other plant species.
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Neem grows slowly during the first year of planting. Young Neem saplings cannot tolerate intensive or excessive cold conditions. It is very sensitive to frost, especially in the seeding and sapling stages. If the seedlings are damaged by frost, they do not recover.
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After establishment, the saplings start growing fast. A Neem tree normally bearing fruit after 3 to 5 years and becomes fully productive in 10 years. It may live for more than two hundred years! Thus both from the angle of gestation and durability it is ideally suited for quick and lasting return. Everything from the Neem tree has medicinal value, leaves, bark, fruit, oil, extract, seed, crush, cake, pest management, agriculture, eco & environmental friendly.

Neem was so much part of Indian life that most people were not even conscious of how many ways Neem impacted their lives. Long revered for its many healing properties, Neem came close to providing a cradle-to-grave health care program and was a part of almost every aspect of life in many parts of the Indian subcontinent up to and including the modern area. But it has really only been since the dramatic interest in Neem by people of United States and Europe that they have come to realize the value and significance of Neem. Although Neem is one of the most ancient and most widely used herbs on earth, intense scientific investigations of the properties of Neem are only now being undertaken. These studies quickly verifying the efficacy of its traditional uses and are finding even more uses for Neem. This illustrates again that the traditional wisdom can guide the efforts of modern science in discovering remedies for human ailments.
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A key advantage to using Neem, as opposed to some medical treatment and other herbs, is it compliance with the first tenant of the Hippocratic Oath taken by all physicians: "First, do no harm." Over thousands of years, Neem has been used by hundreds of millions of people and no hazard have been documented for normal dosages. Neem offers its users the ability to take action against diseases with the safe and time-proven herb. Indian mythology has several stories that relate how Neem became a sacred tree blessed with the ability to heal all diseases. The most common story tells the time Indra, the king of the Celestials, was returning from heaven with a golden pot filled with Ambrosia he had taken form the demons. Some of the precious Ambrosia spilled from the pot and landed on the Neem trees thereby making the Neem trees blessed with miraculous healing properties for all eternity.
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While legendary herbs such as ginseng are far better known, comprehensive research has proven that Neem has a far wider array of uses than any other herb. The first recorded use of Neem is attributed to ancient Indian culture. They added the plant to dozens of health and beauty aids some 5000 years ago. The centuries-old healing system known as Ayurvedic medicine has utilized these timeless Neem formulations as mainstays of the Ayurvedic pharmacy. Medicinal attributes of Neem were extolled in the oldest Sanskrit writings. Its usefulness as a natural non-toxic insecticide among other fascinating properties, further increases its phenomenal applications.
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Some Westerners are familiar with Neem as culinary spice, while others have purchased Neem-based toothpaste sold in health food stores. Now products containing Neem such as creams, lotions, tinctures, extracts, shampoo, soaps, oil and capsules are becoming more common. While Western medical doctors have considered Neem to be nothing more than a "native folklore", many are now giving Neem serious consideration as a potent and safe ingredient for us in diverse health treatments. The lack of negative side effects certainly enhances Neem's appeal to doctors, particularly Naturopathic doctors and doctors of Natural Medicine and consumer alike. Ongoing scientific research is validating what Ayurvedic practitioners have known for millennia; that Neem is a dynamic and useful plant which can solve dozens of health problems, while enhancing overall well-being.

The bark, seeds, leaves, fruit, extracts and oils of the Neem tree contain pharmacological constituents which offer some impressive therapeutic qualities, including the following :

• Anti-viral: capable of destroying viruses
• Anti-fungal: able to destroy fungi
• Anti-microbial: able to inhibit or destroy the growth of disease-causing organisms
• Anti-bacterial: able to destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria
• Anti-pyretic: able to lower body temperature or prevent or alleviate fever
• Anti-inflammatory: able to reduce inflammation
• Anti-tumour: able to reduce the risk of tumour growth
• Analgesic: able to relieve pain
• Alterative: able to cure or restore health
• Anti-thelmintic: capable of expelling or destroying parasitic worms
• Anti-emetic: able to prevent or stop nausea or vomiting
• Immune system booster and stimulator
• Anti-arthritic: effective in treatment of arthritis
• Anti-gastric: able to prevent or destroy ulcers
• Anti-carcinogenic: reduces the occurrence of cancers
• Anti-anxiety: capable of preventing depression
• Anti-oxidant: preventing atherosclerosis, diabetes, heart disease, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, keeps free radical (cancer cells) under control
• Anti-fertility: prevents unwanted pregnancy
• Anti-histamine: agent that serves to inhibit the release or action of histamine and serves to reduce or neutralize the effects of histamine in a allergic response
• Anti-feedant: a substance that deters or inhibits feeding by an insect but does not kill it

Therefore we can see that Neem boosts the immune system on all levels while helping the body fight infections. It stimulates the production of T-cells to mount a head-on attack against infections. Unlike synthetic antibiotics, Neem does not destroy beneficial bacteria and other micro-organisms needed to maintain optimum health. Some medical experts believe that the overuse of chemical antibiotics is contributing to the breakdown of the human immune function. Neem offers a non-toxic, zero-harm alternative to powerful and sometimes damaging prescription medicines.
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While it is revered in India for its superior healing properties, recent investigations have dramatically increased worldwide interest in Neem. There are over 500 research reports from scientists in Universities from Bangalore to Baltimore which have explored Neem's effect on a astonishing number of health disorders, preventing and treating illness and disease successfully. More than any other Indian herb, Neem proved useful in helping the body resist diseases and restore the proper balance to the body's system. The large number of conditions and treatments using Neem are the result of aeons of work by Indian Ayurvedic doctors, herbalists and healers.
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Numerous active compounds have been isolated from the Neem plant. Some of the most studied include gedunin, sodium nimbinate, salannin, nimbin, azadirachtin, ninbidiol, quercetin and nimbidin. Neem leaves contain fibre, carbohydrates and at least ten amino acid proteins. They also contain calcium and other nourishing minerals. Analysis also reveals the presence of carotenoids, nutritive compounds being hailed for their ability to ward off many types of cancer. Neem oil is especially high in important fatty acids, and contains all of these vital nutrients in significant quantities. Researcher believe the high fatty acid content of the oil may be why Neem is so effective for treating many skin ailments. Neem has a very powerful skin rejuvenating qualities and absorbs quickly into the skin. The uses of Neem to cure human ailments, boost immunity and fortify human health are almost endless. Neem is one of the most powerful known blood purifiers and detoxifiers. Hundreds of specific health maladies respond favourable to the proper application of Neem. This does not include the countless uses of Neem as a natural insect repellent or as a component in beauty aids. Some of he more common current uses for Neem products are :

Skin Conditions

Neem has an almost magical effect on chronic skin conditions that often fail to respond with classical treatments. Acne, psoriasis, eczema, itching, rosacea, shingles, ringworm, athlet's foot, herpes, fungal infections, cold sores, dandruff, dry skin, hemorrhoids, rash, skin ulcers, rheumatism, sprains, pain, warts, wrinkles are among the conditions that clear up consistently when a high quality organic chemical-free, zero harm Neem product is utilized. Synthetic chemicals used to treat these conditions can produce negative side effects such as rashes, allergic reactions and redness of the skin. Studies are currently underway to try and understand the skin rejuvenating properties of Neem. It relieves the itching and pain of psoriasis while reducing the scale and redness of the patchy lesions.

Hair and Nails

When high quality, wild-crafted Neem extract and in some cases cold pressed Neem oil from the kernels of the olive shaped fruit is added to health and beauty preparations, it provides many benefits. Problem scalp conditions including dandruff and psoriasis, scaling and even hair loss respond to treatment with Neem shampoo, conditioners, creams, tinctures and capsules. Listless, damaged and overly oily hair appears to "come alive" when treated regularly with this most amazing plant. Nails, which have turned yellow or brittle due to the presence of yeast or fungi, often return to their normal condition when Neem is applied.

Teeth and Gums

It is estimated that over 90% of the US adult population has some type of gum disease. Infection, tooth decay, bleeding and sore gums have been treated very successfully through the daily application of Neem mouth rinse or Neem leaf extract added to water or using Neem toothpaste. German and American researchers have proven that Neem extract prevent tooth decay and periodontal disease. Some people report a total reversal of gum degeneration and gum bleeding after using Neem for only a few weeks or months. In India most people are using the twigs from the branches of the Neem tree and you can notice that these people have very healthy looking gums and white teeth.

Fungi, Parasites and Viruses

Neem has been successfully proven under stringent laboratory conditions to destroy harmful fungi, parasites and viruses. Even though its exact action on these "body predators" is not yet known, it does an excellent job of destroying them. Unlike its chemical counterparts, Neem does not kill beneficial intestinal flora nor produce the negative side effects. Athlete's foot, thrush, candida infestations and herpes viruses are easily cleared up and prevented when Neem is used. Neem has been proven successful in treating stomach ulcers. Its antihistamine and antibacterial compounds appear to reduce inflammation and destroy the bacteria now believed responsible for the common ailments.

Major Health Problems

Professionally administered Neem solutions are being studied for their beneficial effects on AIDS, cancer, diabetes, heart disease and other medical conditions.

AIDS

The immune modulating polysaccharide compounds found in Neem are being researched as a way to stop this most debilitating illness. The polysaccharides may be responsible for increasing antibody production, while other elements in Neem appear to stimulate immune function by enhancing cellular mediated response. This dual action helps the body ward off the numerous infections so commonplace with AIDS. Neem leaf extracts, tincture and capsules are typically utilized when treating this condition. The National Institutes of Health reports encouraging results from in vitro tests for Neem as an antiviral agent against the AIDS virus.

Cancer

Neem has been tested on many types of cancers, including skin cancers, using Neem-based creams against lymphocytic cancer and using the Neem tincture or capsules internally. The polysaccharides and limonoids have reduced cancerous tumours in a number of scientific studies.

Diabetes

Neem has been found to reduce insulin requirements for diabetics by up to 50% for nonkeytonic, insulin fast and insulin-sensitive diabetes without altering blood glucose levels. This success has resulted in the Indian government approving the sale of Neem capsules and tablets through pharmacies and clinics. These preparations are essentially pure, powered Neem leaves.

Heart Disease

Neem has been scientifically tested for its ability to reduce blood pressure, blood clots, has delayed the coagulation of blood, heart irregularities (palpitation) inclusive calmed erratic heartbeats, helps reduce elevated heart rates and high cholesterol levels. The antihistamine effect helps reduce elevated blood pressure. A recent study showed that Neem lowered high cholesterol levels when either Neem leaf extract or capsules were taken for a month.

Chronic Fatique

This is suspected of being caused by both viral and fungal infections. Neem attacks both, and reportedly helps fight this incredibly debilitating syndrome.
Minor Skin Abrasions: cream or leaf extract applied topically. The anti-inflammatory and antibacterial attributes of Neem are delightfully soothing.

Natural, Non-Toxic Insect Repellent

Neem repels all types of annoying pests without being toxic to pets or humans. Studies have shown that one Neem compound is a more effective insect repellent than the widely used synthetic chemical known as DEET (N,N,-diethyl-m toluamide), a suspected carcinogen with long periods of use.

Insecticide

Neem extract have been approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for us on food crops. It is non-toxic to birds, animals, beneficial to insects or man and protects crops from over 200 of the most costly pests.

Sunburns

Prevents sunburns from UV rays.

Herpes

Recent tests in Germany show that neem extracts (cream) are toxic to herpes virus and can aid in a rapid healing of cold sores.

Allergies

Neem has antihistamine properties that help inhibit allergic reactions when applied externally or consumed as a decoction.

Ulcers

Neem extract give significant protection from discomfort and speed the healing of gastric and duodenal lesions.

Malaria

An active ingredient in Neem leaves, called irodin A, is toxic to resistant strains of malaria. In-vitro studies show 100% mortality of malaria gamete in 72 hours with a 1:20.000 ratio.

Hepatitis

Tests show Neem adversely effects the virus that causes hepatitis B.

Birth Control (Men)

In India and United States, trials show Neem extract reduced fertility in male monkeys without inhibiting libido or sperm production, making it potentially the first male birth control pill

Birth Control (Women)

Used as a vaginal lubricant or injected into the fallopian tube, Neem oil was up to 100% effective in preventing pregnancy.

What is Pustule ?

 

[Extracted from the web page of www.wisegeek.com]

A pustule is a vesicle filled with pus and located under the surface of the skin. Pustules are probably most commonly associated with acne, a common dermatological condition for teenagers, although they are linked with other medical issues. While a pustule may look unpleasant, it is often benign, as long as it is well cared for. Recurrent pustules, pustules which grow large, or pustules which develop signs of additional infection and inflammation may require the attention of a dermatologist.

 

 

 

Pustules can form inside the layers of the epidermis, or just below it, in the dermis. They are filled with a collection of dead cells which are in the process of breaking down. If a pustule is ruptured, a thick white fluid will ooze out. White blood cells are typically abundant in a pustule, in contrast with normal vesicles, which are simply filled with fluid, and no necrotic inflammatory cells.

Many pustules will resolve themselves on their own. The dead cells may be reabsorbed and expressed, or the pustule will eventually rupture, allowing the pus to drain. The site of the pustule will eventually heal, with the skin returning to normal. However, if a pustule becomes severely inflamed, it can cause a scar, and scars can also occur when pustules keep occurring in the same spot, or when people pick at a pustule.

Treatment for pustules at home usually involves keeping the area clean by gently washing it with warm water and soap. A dermatologist may also recommend hot compresses to see if they will open the pores in the skin enough to allow the pustule to drain. For larger or more serious pustules, a dermatologist can drain the pus-filled vesicle to remove the fluid, and flush it to reduce the risk of developing an infection. People should try to avoid draining or rupturing pustules on their own, as it is possible to create an infection.

Patients should be aware that not all pustules are acne related. Some are associated with certain types of rashes, and a sudden outbreak of pustules can be a sign that someone has an underlying disease or condition which merits a trip to the doctor. A doctor can examine the pustule to determine the cause and make recommendations about treatment. Pustules can also form when there is a foreign body under the skin which the body cannot get rid of, such as a splinter which leads to inflammation and a subsequent buildup of pus.